Types of Poems
By Gary
R. Hess. Category: Poetry
1.
ABC
A poem that has five lines and creates
a mood, picture, or feeling. Lines 1 through 4 are made up of words, phrases or
clauses while the first word of each line is in alphabetical order. Line 5 is
one sentence long and begins with any letter.
2.
Acrostic
Poetry that certain letters,
usually the first in each line form a word or message when read in a sequence.
Example: Edgar Allan
Poe's "A Valentine".
3.
Ballad
A poem that tells a story
similar to a folk tale or legend which often has a repeated refrain. Read more
about ballads.
4.
Ballade
Poetry which has three stanzas of seven,
eight or ten lines and a shorter final stanza of four or five. All stanzas end
with the same one line refrain.
5.
Blank verse
A poem written in unrhymed iambic
pentameter and is often unobtrusive. The iambic pentameter form often resembles
the rhythms of speech. Example: Alfred Tennyson's
"Ulysses".
6.
Bio
A poem written about one self's life,
personality traits, and ambitions. Example: Jean
Ingelow's "One Morning, Oh! So Early".
7.
Burlesque
Poetry that treats a serious subject as
humor. Example: E. E. Cummings
"O Distinct".
8.
Canzone
Medieval Italian lyric style poetry with
five or six stanzas and a shorter ending stanza.
9.
Carpe diem
Latin expression that means 'seize the
day.' Carpe diem poems have a theme of living for today.
10.
Cinquain
Poetry with five lines. Line 1 has one word
(the title). Line 2 has two words that describe the title. Line 3 has three
words that tell the action. Line 4 has four words that express the feeling, and
line 5 has one word which recalls the title. Read more about
cinquain poetry.
11.
Classicism
Poetry which holds the principles and
ideals of beauty that are characteristic of Greek and Roman art, architecture,
and literature.
12.
Concrete
Also known as "size poetry". Concrete
poetry uses typographical arrangements to display an element of the poem. This
can either be through re-arrangement of letters of a word or by arranging the
words as a shape. Read more about
concrete poetry.
13.
Couplet
This type of poem is two lines which may be
rhymed or unrhymed. Example: Walt Whitman's
"To You".
14.
Dramatic monologue
A type of poem which is spoken to a
listener. The speaker addresses a specific topic while the listener unwittingly
reveals details about him/herself.
15.
Elegy
A sad and thoughtful poem about the death
of an individual. Example: Gary R. Hess's
"1983".
16.
Epic
An extensive, serious poem that tells the
story about a heroic figure.
17.
Epigram
A very short, ironic and witty poem usually
written as a brief couplet or quatrain. The term is derived from the Greek
epigramma meaning inscription.
18.
Epitaph
A commemorative inscription on a tomb or
mortuary monument written to praise the deceased. Example: Ben Jonson's
"On My First Sonne".
19.
Epithalamium (Epithalamion)
A poem written in honor of the bride and
groom.
20.
Free verse (vers libre)
Poetry written in either rhyme or unrhymed
lines that have no set fixed metrical pattern. Read more: What is Free
Verse Poetry?
21.
Found
Poetry created by taking words, phrases,
and passages from other sources and re-framing them by adding spaces, lines, or
by altering the text with additions or subtractions.
22.
Ghazal
A short lyrical poem that arose in Urdu. It
is between 5 and 15 couplets long. Each couplet contains its own poetic thought
but is linked in rhyme that is established in the first couplet and continued
in the second line of each pair. The lines of each couplet are equal in length.
Themes are usually connected to love and romance. The closing signature often
includes the poet's name or allusion to it.
23.
Haiku
A Japanese poem composed of three unrhymed
lines of five, seven, and five morae, usually containing a season word. Read more about haiku poetry.
24.
Horatian ode
Short lyric poem written in two or
four-line stanzas, each with its the same metrical pattern, often addressed to
a friend and deal with friendship, love and the practice of poetry. It is named
after its creator, Horace.
25.
Iambic pentameter
One short syllable followed by one long one
five sets in a row. Example: la-LAH la-LAH la-LAH la-LAH la-LAH. Used
extensively in sonnets.
26.
Idyll (Idyl)
Poetry that either depicts a peaceful,
idealized country scene or a long poem telling a story about heroes of a bye
gone age.
27.
Irregular (Pseudo-Pindaric or
Cowleyan) ode
Neither the three part form of the pindaric
ode nor the two or four-line stanza of the Horatian ode. It is characterized by
irregularity of verse and structure and lack of correspondence between the
parts.
28.
Italian sonnet
A sonnet consisting of an octave with the
rhyme pattern abbaabba followed by six lines with a rhyme pattern of cdecde or
cdcdcd. Read more
about Italian sonnets.
29.
Lay
A long narrative poem, especially one that
was sung by medieval minstrels.
30.
Limerick
A short sometimes vulgar, humorous poem
consisting of five anapestic lines. Lines 1, 2, and 5 have seven to ten
syllables, rhyme and have the same verbal rhythm. The 3rd and 4th lines have
five to seven syllables, rhyme and have the same rhythm.
31.
List
A poem that is made up of a list of items
or events. It can be any length and rhymed or unrhymed.
32.
Lyric
A poem that expresses the thoughts and
feelings of the poet. Many songs are written using this type of writing. Read more
about lyric poetry.
33.
Memoriam stanza
A quatrain in iambic tetrameter with a
rhyme scheme of abba -- named after the pattern used by Lord Tennyson.
34.
Name
Poetry that tells about the word. It uses
the letters of the word for the first letter of each line.
35.
Narrative
A poem that tells a story. Read
more about narrative poetry.
36.
Ode
A lengthy lyric poem typically of a serious
or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanza structure.
Example: Sappho's
"Ode to a Loved One".
37.
Pastoral
A poem that depicts rural life in a
peaceful, romanticized way.
38.
Petrarchan
A 14-line sonnet consisting of an octave
rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet of cddcee or cdecde
39.
Pindaric ode
A ceremonious poem consisting of a strophe
(two or more lines repeated as a unit) followed by a an antistrophe with the
same metrical pattern and concluding with a summary line (an epode) in a
different meter. Named after Pindar, a Greek professional lyrist of the 5th
century B.C.
40.
Quatrain
A stanza or poem consisting of four lines.
Lines 2 and 4 must rhyme while having a similar number of syllables.
41.
Rhyme
A rhyming poem has the repetition of the
same or similar sounds of two or more words, often at the end of the
line. Read
more about rhyme usage.
42.
Rhyme royal
A type of poetry consisting of stanzas
having seven lines in iambic pentameter.
43.
Romanticism
A poem about nature and love while having
emphasis on the personal experience.
44.
Rondeau
A lyrical poem of French origin having 10
or 13 lines with two rhymes and with the opening phrase repeated twice as the
refrain.
45.
Senryu
A short Japanese style poem, similar to
haiku in structure that treats human beings rather than nature: Often in a
humorous or satiric way.
46.
Sestina
A poem consisting of six six-line stanzas
and a three-line envoy. The end words of the first stanza are repeated in
varied order as end words in the other stanzas and also recur in the envoy.
47.
Shakespearean
A 14-line sonnet consisting of three
quatrains of abab cdcd efef followed by a couplet, gg. Shakespearean sonnets
generally use iambic pentameter. Example: Shakespeare's
"Sonnet 2".
48.
Shape
Poetry written in the shape or form of an
object. This is a type of concrete poetry.
49.
Sonnet
A lyric poem that consists of 14 lines
which usually have one or more conventional rhyme schemes. Read more
about sonnets.
50.
Sound
Intended primarily for performance, sound
poetry is sometimes referred to as "verse without words". This form
is seen as the bridging between literary and musical composition in which the
phonetics of human speech are used to create a poem.
51.
Tanka
A Japanese poem of five lines, the first
and third composed of five syllables and the other seven.
52.
Terza Rima
A type of poetry consisting of 10 or 11
syllable lines arranged in three-line tercets.
53.
Verse
A single metrical line of poetry.
54.
Villanelle
A 19-line poem consisting of five tercets
and a final quatrain on two rhymes. The first and third lines of the first tercet
repeat alternately as a refrain closing the succeeding stanzas and joined as
the final couplet of the quatrain.
55.
Visual
The visual arrangement of text, images, and
symbols to help convey the meaning of the work. Visual poetry is sometimes
referred to as a type of concrete poetry.
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