Types of Text -- News Item Text

President Jokowi Orders to Sink the Illegal Fishing Boat

Main Event / Newsworthy Event

Jokowi has instructed his subordinate to sink foreign ships which invade and steal fish from Indonesia’s territorial water on the spot.

Background Event / Elaboration

Jokowi explained that we have to do serious action in facing this problem because it is so detrimental for Indonesia. “We have been lost around Rp. 300 trillion (US$24.7 Billion) every year from illegal fishing” he added. This new policy needs to be done to prevent the bigger lose and scare another foreign fish that want to come to Indonesia.

Source of Information

“There is no need to arrest them. We have to act decisively so that they are wary to steal our fish” said Jokowi. There are approximately 5.400 illegal ships which invade to Indonesia territory and steal fish from Indonesia. “It is better to sink 10 to 20 ships rather than we lose our fish to create a deterrent effect” Jokowi said. Although our president asked to sink the ships but he reminds the safety of the crew must be priority. They will be arrested and sent to their country. To do this policy Jokowi would asked the relevant officials, including Indonesian Military Commander Gen. Moeldoko, Navy Chief of staff Adm. Marsetio and Fisheries Minister Susi Pudjiastuti, to arrange the necessary step.

This policy was delivered by President Jokowi in his speech at National Resilience Institute’s (Lemhannas) annual training on Sunday night (5/1).

(Source: The Newest News)

Type of Text -- Explanation Text

Bread

General Statement

Almost everyone eats bread daily, especially for breakfast. Bread making is not a complicated task. You must have an oven, water, sugar, salt, flour and yeast. The basic ingredients flour comes from wheat. There are two kinds flour, which is the soft, and the hard one.

A sequenced of Explanation

           Hard flour, made by winter wheat, is the best choice for making bread. Bread using hard flour produces the better texture and taste. Luke warm water is added to the flour to make the dough.

        Yeast is microscopic organism. The size may not be impressive but is capable of producing carbon dioxide. It is also easy to use. Powered yeast needs only be dissolved in water to be used instantly. Yeast works best in presence of sugar and warmth.

         Besides, encouraging yeast to grow quickly in the dough, sugar is added to give flour to the bread. Salt is added for the same purpose, to make the bread taste nice. However, it has the reverse effect on yeast, unlike sugar. The next ingredient is oil; olive oil, corn oil and butter. It is essential for making the bread tender. After mixing all this ingredient, the dough is hand beaten before sent to the oven.

Types of text -- Review Text

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Orientation
      I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart.

Evaluation 1

      I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite.

Evaluation 2

      When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.

Interpretation
      Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

      A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry teen" overnight.

Summary
       The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

Adjective Clause

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH OBJECT RELATIVE PRONOUNS

OR WHEN AND WHERE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES AFTER THE MAIN CLAUSE

Main Clause			Adjective Clause
Subject	Verb	Predicate Noun/Pronoun	Object Relative Pronoun	Subject	Verb
He She	read is	the book someone	(that) (who[m])	she I	wrote. respect.
			Whose + Noun
That	is	the author	whose book	I	read.
			Where / (When)
She	loves	the city	where	she	grew up
They	cried	the day	(when)	they	left

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES INSIDE THE MAIN CLAUSE

Main Clause	Adjective Clause			Main Clause(cont.)
Subject	Subject Relative Pronoun	Subject	Verb	Verb
The book Someone	that (who[m])	I you	read know	is was	great. there.
	Whose + Noun
The man	whose sister	you	know	writes	books.
	Where/(When)
The library	where	I	work	has	videos.
The summer	(when)	she	left	passed	slowly.

GRAMMAR NOTES                                                                          EXAMPLES

1.         In previous adjective clause, youlearned about adjective clauses in which the relative pronoun was the subject of the clause. Relative pronouns can also be the object of an adjective clause. Notice that: a.         The object relative pronoun comes at the beginning of the adjective clause. b.         Relative Pronouns (subject or object) have the same form whether they refer to singular or plural nouns, or to males or females. c.          The verb in the adjective clause agrees with the subject of the adjective clause. It does not agree with the relative pronoun or the noun that the relative pronoun refers to. Be careful! Do not use an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) together with an object relative pronoun in an adjective clause.

subj. Eva is a writer. + She was born in Poland. = subj. ·       Eva, who was born in Poland, is a writer. obj. Eva is a writer. + I saw her on TV. = ·       Eva, who(m) I saw on TV, is a writer. ·       That’s the man who(m) I met. ·       That’s the woman who(m) I met. ·       Those are the people who(m) I met.                                                        subj.  verb ·       I like the columns which he writes. ·       I like the column which they write. ·       She is the writer whoI saw on TV. NOT   She is the writer who I saw heron TV.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      (Continued)

2.         Remember!There are two kinds of adjective clauses, identifying and non-identifying. You can often leave out an object relative pronoun in an identifying adjective clause. (You cannot leave out subject relative pronouns.)

Identifying ·       I read a lot of books. The book which I just finished is by Eva Hoffman. (The adjective clause is necessary to identify which book I mean.) Non-identifying ·       I read a lot of books. This book, which I just finished, is by Eva Hoffman. (I’m pointing to the book, so the adjective clause isn’t needed to identify it. The clause gives additional information.) ·        He’s the author that I talked to.                         or ·        He’s the author I talked to.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

3.         Relative pronouns that can be the object of the adjective clause are who(m), that, which, and whose a.         Use whom, who or thatto prefer to people. Note that in this case, you can also leave out the relative pronoun. USAGE NOTE: Whom is very formal. Most people do not use whom in every day speech. That is less formal than who. In every day speech, most people use no relative pronoun. b.         Use whichor thatto refer to things. You can also leave out the relative pronoun. USAGE NOTE: Again, that is less formal than which. In every day speech, most people use no relative pronoun. c.          Use whose + noun to show possession or relationship. You cannot leave out whose. Be careful!You can only leave out relative pronouns in identifying adjective clauses. You must use the relative pronoun in a non-identifying adjective clause. You cannot leave it out.

·       She’s the writer whom I met. or ·       She’s the writer who I met. or ·       She’s the writer that I met. or ·       She’s the writer I met.   ·       I read a book which she wrote.                            or ·       I read a book that she wrote.                            or ·       I read a book she wrote. ·       That’s the author whose book I read. NOTThat’s the author book I read. ·        She remembers Marek, who she visited often. NOT She remembers Marekshe visited often.

4.         The relative pronouns who(m), that, which, and whosecan be the object of a preposition.          Note that you can leave out who(m), that, and which, but not whose USAGE NOTES In everyday spoken English and in informalwriting, we put the preposition at the end of the clause In formal English, we put preposition at the beginning of the clause. We use only whom(not who or that) for people, and which(not that) for things

He’s the writer. + I work for him. = ·       He’s the writer whom I work for.                                 or ·       He’s the writer who I work for.                                 or ·       He’s the writer that I work for.                                 or ·       He’s the writer I work for. He’s the writer. + I work for his wife. = ·       He’s the writer whose wife I work for. ·       He’s the writer whoI work for. ·       That’s the book thathe spoke about. ·       He’s the writer forwhomI work. ·       That’s the book aboutwhichhe spoke.

5.         When and where can also be used to begin adjective clauses. a.         Where refer to a place b.         When or that refers to a time Notethat you can leave out when and that in identifying adjective clauses.

That’s the library. + She works there. = ·       That’s the library where she works. I remember the day. + I met him then.= ·       I remember the day when I met him.                                      or ·       I remember the day that I met him.                             or ·       I remember the day I met him.